Roni Enten Vissoker PhD
CNS, LDN
Individualized Biomedical Nutritionist
Sensory processing issues are a main characteristic of ASD. In fact, hypo and hypersensory impairment are often behind many of the symptoms common to children with autism.
Sensory integration is a complex process which helps an individual take in, organize and interpret information from our bodies and the world. It focuses primarily on three basic senses–tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive. The proper collation of sensory information allows us to function smoothly in and participate fully in daily life.
Neurologically healthy children develop healthy sensory integration through basic touch and movement, such as swinging, climbing, digging. However, children with SI dysfunction, often misread information, often under or over-reacting to it and this can manifest as hypo or hypersensitive to temperature, pain, smells or textures and more. In children with ASD, hypersensitivity can manifest as strong response to or fear of sudden or loud noises or other noises that go unnoticed by others. This can manifest as fear or stress upon experiencing touch, avoiding hugs and cuddling, fear of crowds or avoiding close proximity to others, fear of climbing or falling, poor balance and more. In fact, sensory overload is often a precursor to meltdowns in children with ASD thus sensory balance is a key target in supporting the health of a child with ASD.
Conversely, a child that is hyposensitive may have a constant need to touch people or feel textures, may appear clumsy and uncoordinated, have a high tolerance for or indifference to pain, harm other children and/or pets when playing, fidget a lot and be unable to sit still. In addition, such a child may enjoy movement-based play like spinning, jumping, etc. or be a “thrill seeker.”
There are a number of ways to help support sensory balance in children with ASD. Therapies such as occupational therapy are critical for children with sensory processing issues and can help re-integrate the nervous system. Implementing a sensory diet, or series of daily activities to stimulate sensory balance including brushing, deep pressure, and swinging can also be helpful. Implementing rhythmic movement training,™ a system of gentle rhythmic movements and reflex integration activities for sensory integration can also be helpful for many children.
From a biomedical nutritional perspective, there are several key nutrients that can be supportive of a healthy nervous system and encourage a proper response to sensory input. Here are some of the most important:
In addition to these key nutrients, it is important to assess the health of the gastrointestinal tract. Today, the connection between the GI bacteria and brain is well established! Thus anyone with dysbiosis may be more likely to experience a range of symptoms including mood changes or changes in sensory balance.
Finally, the research shows clear links between sensory processing problems and food selectivity in children with ASD, making consuming a balanced diet more of a challenge for these children and families. Selective eaters should undergo a nutritional evaluations which include a dietary analysis to evaluate nutritional status and ensure intake of essential macro and micronutrients.